diff --git a/rust/hg-core/src/config/layer.rs b/rust/hg-core/src/config/layer.rs
--- a/rust/hg-core/src/config/layer.rs
+++ b/rust/hg-core/src/config/layer.rs
@@ -73,11 +73,14 @@
             if let Some((section, item, value)) = parse_one(arg) {
                 layer.add(section, item, value, None);
             } else {
-                Err(HgError::abort(format!(
-                    "abort: malformed --config option: '{}' \
+                Err(HgError::abort(
+                    format!(
+                        "abort: malformed --config option: '{}' \
                     (use --config section.name=value)",
-                    String::from_utf8_lossy(arg),
-                )))?
+                        String::from_utf8_lossy(arg),
+                    ),
+                    10,
+                ))?
             }
         }
         if layer.sections.is_empty() {
diff --git a/rust/hg-core/src/errors.rs b/rust/hg-core/src/errors.rs
--- a/rust/hg-core/src/errors.rs
+++ b/rust/hg-core/src/errors.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     ///
     /// The given string is a short explanation for users, not intended to be
     /// machine-readable.
-    Abort(String),
+    Abort(String, i32),
 
     /// A configuration value is not in the expected syntax.
     ///
@@ -69,8 +69,9 @@
     pub fn unsupported(explanation: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
         HgError::UnsupportedFeature(explanation.into())
     }
-    pub fn abort(explanation: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
-        HgError::Abort(explanation.into())
+
+    pub fn abort(explanation: impl Into<String>, exit_code: i32) -> Self {
+        HgError::Abort(explanation.into(), exit_code)
     }
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@
 impl fmt::Display for HgError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
-            HgError::Abort(explanation) => write!(f, "{}", explanation),
+            HgError::Abort(explanation, _) => write!(f, "{}", explanation),
             HgError::IoError { error, context } => {
                 write!(f, "abort: {}: {}", context, error)
             }
diff --git a/rust/hg-core/src/repo.rs b/rust/hg-core/src/repo.rs
--- a/rust/hg-core/src/repo.rs
+++ b/rust/hg-core/src/repo.rs
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@
                     Some(b"abort") | None => HgError::abort(
                         "abort: share source does not support share-safe requirement\n\
                         (see `hg help config.format.use-share-safe` for more information)",
+                        30,
                     ),
                     _ => HgError::unsupported("share-safe downgrade"),
                 }
@@ -163,6 +164,7 @@
                             "abort: version mismatch: source uses share-safe \
                             functionality while the current share does not\n\
                             (see `hg help config.format.use-share-safe` for more information)",
+                            30,
                         ),
                         _ => HgError::unsupported("share-safe upgrade"),
                     }