diff --git a/mercurial/sparse.py b/mercurial/sparse.py
--- a/mercurial/sparse.py
+++ b/mercurial/sparse.py
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@
 
     The new config is written out and a working directory refresh is performed.
     """
-    with repo.wlock(), repo.dirstate.parentchange():
+    with repo.wlock(), repo.lock(), repo.dirstate.parentchange():
         raw = repo.vfs.tryread(b'sparse')
         oldinclude, oldexclude, oldprofiles = parseconfig(
             repo.ui, raw, b'sparse'
diff --git a/tests/test-sparse-with-safe-share.t b/tests/test-sparse-with-safe-share.t
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-sparse-with-safe-share.t
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Same with share-safe
+
+  $ echo "[format]"         >> $HGRCPATH
+  $ echo "use-share-safe = True" >> $HGRCPATH
+
+  $ cd $TESTTMP
+
+  $ hg init myrepo
+  $ cd myrepo
+  $ cat > .hg/hgrc <<EOF
+  > [extensions]
+  > sparse=
+  > EOF
+
+  $ echo a > show
+  $ echo x > hide
+  $ hg ci -Aqm 'initial'
+
+Regression test: checks that this command correctly locks the store
+before updating the store [requirements] config.
+
+  $ hg up -q 0
+  $ hg debugsparse --include 'hide'