diff --git a/mercurial/rewriteutil.py b/mercurial/rewriteutil.py
--- a/mercurial/rewriteutil.py
+++ b/mercurial/rewriteutil.py
@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@
     for h in hashes:
         try:
             fullnode = scmutil.resolvehexnodeidprefix(unfi, h)
-        except error.WdirUnsupported:
-            # Someone has an fffff... in a commit message we're
-            # rewriting. Don't try rewriting that.
+        except (error.WdirUnsupported, error.AmbiguousPrefixLookupError):
+            # Someone has an fffff... or some other prefix that's ambiguous in a
+            # commit message we're rewriting. Don't try rewriting that.
             continue
         if fullnode is None:
             continue
diff --git a/tests/test-rebase-inmemory.t b/tests/test-rebase-inmemory.t
--- a/tests/test-rebase-inmemory.t
+++ b/tests/test-rebase-inmemory.t
@@ -1027,8 +1027,7 @@
   $ hg ci -qAm 'The previous two (parentless) commits had a hash prefix of b04363. Check that rewrite_hash_refs will not fail because of that.'
   $ hg rebase -r . -d 5
   rebasing 8:5c4cdabf5769 tip "The previous two (parentless) commits had a hash prefix of b04363. Check that rewrite_hash_refs will not fail because of that."
-  abort: 00changelog@b04363: ambiguous identifier
-  [50]
+  saved backup bundle to $TESTTMP/keep_merge/.hg/strip-backup/5c4cdabf5769-335e1828-rebase.hg
 
   $ cd ..