diff --git a/contrib/wix/help.wxs b/contrib/wix/help.wxs --- a/contrib/wix/help.wxs +++ b/contrib/wix/help.wxs @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ + diff --git a/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocol.txt b/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocol.txt --- a/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocol.txt +++ b/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocol.txt @@ -220,9 +220,10 @@ Requests to unknown commands or URLS result in an HTTP 404. TODO formally define response type, how error is communicated, etc. -HTTP request and response bodies use the *Unified Frame-Based Protocol* -(defined below) for media exchange. The entirety of the HTTP message -body is 0 or more frames as defined by this protocol. +HTTP request and response bodies use the ``hgrpc`` protocol for media +exchange.` (See :hg:`help internals.wireprotocolrpc` for details of +the protocol.) The entirety of the HTTP message body is 0 or more frames +as defined by this protocol. Clients and servers MUST advertise the ``TBD`` media type via the ``Content-Type`` request and response headers. In addition, clients MUST @@ -236,11 +237,10 @@ Servers receiving requests with an invalid ``Content-Type`` header SHOULD respond with an HTTP 415. -The command to run is specified in the POST payload as defined by the -*Unified Frame-Based Protocol*. This is redundant with data already -encoded in the URL. This is by design, so server operators can have -better understanding about server activity from looking merely at -HTTP access logs. +The command to run is specified in the POST payload as defined by ``hgrpc``. +This is redundant with data already encoded in the URL. This is by design, +so server operators can have better understanding about server activity from +looking merely at HTTP access logs. In most circumstances, the command specified in the URL MUST match the command specified in the frame-based payload or the server will @@ -254,9 +254,9 @@ *any* command and allow the execution of multiple commands. If the HTTP request issues multiple commands across multiple frames, all issued commands will be processed by the server. Per the defined -behavior of the *Unified Frame-Based Protocol*, commands may be -issued interleaved and responses may come back in a different order -than they were issued. Clients MUST be able to deal with this. +behavior of ``hgrpc```, commands may be issued interleaved and responses +may come back in a different order than they were issued. Clients MUST +be able to deal with this. SSH Protocol ============ @@ -513,503 +513,6 @@ Following capabilities advertisement, the peers communicate using version 1 of the SSH transport. -Unified Frame-Based Protocol -============================ - -**Experimental and under development** - -The *Unified Frame-Based Protocol* is a communications protocol between -Mercurial peers. The protocol aims to be mostly transport agnostic -(works similarly on HTTP, SSH, etc). - -To operate the protocol, a bi-directional, half-duplex pipe supporting -ordered sends and receives is required. That is, each peer has one pipe -for sending data and another for receiving. - -All data is read and written in atomic units called *frames*. These -are conceptually similar to TCP packets. Higher-level functionality -is built on the exchange and processing of frames. - -All frames are associated with a *stream*. A *stream* provides a -unidirectional grouping of frames. Streams facilitate two goals: -content encoding and parallelism. There is a dedicated section on -streams below. - -The protocol is request-response based: the client issues requests to -the server, which issues replies to those requests. Server-initiated -messaging is not currently supported, but this specification carves -out room to implement it. - -All frames are associated with a numbered request. Frames can thus -be logically grouped by their request ID. - -Frames begin with an 8 octet header followed by a variable length -payload:: - - +------------------------------------------------+ - | Length (24) | - +--------------------------------+---------------+ - | Request ID (16) | Stream ID (8) | - +------------------+-------------+---------------+ - | Stream Flags (8) | - +-----------+------+ - | Type (4) | - +-----------+ - | Flags (4) | - +===========+===================================================| - | Frame Payload (0...) ... - +---------------------------------------------------------------+ - -The length of the frame payload is expressed as an unsigned 24 bit -little endian integer. Values larger than 65535 MUST NOT be used unless -given permission by the server as part of the negotiated capabilities -during the handshake. The frame header is not part of the advertised -frame length. The payload length is the over-the-wire length. If there -is content encoding applied to the payload as part of the frame's stream, -the length is the output of that content encoding, not the input. - -The 16-bit ``Request ID`` field denotes the integer request identifier, -stored as an unsigned little endian integer. Odd numbered requests are -client-initiated. Even numbered requests are server-initiated. This -refers to where the *request* was initiated - not where the *frame* was -initiated, so servers will send frames with odd ``Request ID`` in -response to client-initiated requests. Implementations are advised to -start ordering request identifiers at ``1`` and ``0``, increment by -``2``, and wrap around if all available numbers have been exhausted. - -The 8-bit ``Stream ID`` field denotes the stream that the frame is -associated with. Frames belonging to a stream may have content -encoding applied and the receiver may need to decode the raw frame -payload to obtain the original data. Odd numbered IDs are -client-initiated. Even numbered IDs are server-initiated. - -The 8-bit ``Stream Flags`` field defines stream processing semantics. -See the section on streams below. - -The 4-bit ``Type`` field denotes the type of frame being sent. - -The 4-bit ``Flags`` field defines special, per-type attributes for -the frame. - -The sections below define the frame types and their behavior. - -Command Request (``0x01``) --------------------------- - -This frame contains a request to run a command. - -The payload consists of a CBOR map defining the command request. The -bytestring keys of that map are: - -name - Name of the command that should be executed (bytestring). -args - Map of bytestring keys to various value types containing the named - arguments to this command. - - Each command defines its own set of argument names and their expected - types. - -This frame type MUST ONLY be sent from clients to servers: it is illegal -for a server to send this frame to a client. - -The following flag values are defined for this type: - -0x01 - New command request. When set, this frame represents the beginning - of a new request to run a command. The ``Request ID`` attached to this - frame MUST NOT be active. -0x02 - Command request continuation. When set, this frame is a continuation - from a previous command request frame for its ``Request ID``. This - flag is set when the CBOR data for a command request does not fit - in a single frame. -0x04 - Additional frames expected. When set, the command request didn't fit - into a single frame and additional CBOR data follows in a subsequent - frame. -0x08 - Command data frames expected. When set, command data frames are - expected to follow the final command request frame for this request. - -``0x01`` MUST be set on the initial command request frame for a -``Request ID``. - -``0x01`` or ``0x02`` MUST be set to indicate this frame's role in -a series of command request frames. - -If command data frames are to be sent, ``0x08`` MUST be set on ALL -command request frames. - -Command Data (``0x02``) ------------------------ - -This frame contains raw data for a command. - -Most commands can be executed by specifying arguments. However, -arguments have an upper bound to their length. For commands that -accept data that is beyond this length or whose length isn't known -when the command is initially sent, they will need to stream -arbitrary data to the server. This frame type facilitates the sending -of this data. - -The payload of this frame type consists of a stream of raw data to be -consumed by the command handler on the server. The format of the data -is command specific. - -The following flag values are defined for this type: - -0x01 - Command data continuation. When set, the data for this command - continues into a subsequent frame. - -0x02 - End of data. When set, command data has been fully sent to the - server. The command has been fully issued and no new data for this - command will be sent. The next frame will belong to a new command. - -Command Response Data (``0x03``) --------------------------------- - -This frame contains response data to an issued command. - -Response data ALWAYS consists of a series of 1 or more CBOR encoded -values. A CBOR value may be using indefinite length encoding. And the -bytes constituting the value may span several frames. - -The following flag values are defined for this type: - -0x01 - Data continuation. When set, an additional frame containing response data - will follow. -0x02 - End of data. When set, the response data has been fully sent and - no additional frames for this response will be sent. - -The ``0x01`` flag is mutually exclusive with the ``0x02`` flag. - -Error Occurred (``0x05``) -------------------------- - -Some kind of error occurred. - -There are 3 general kinds of failures that can occur: - -* Command error encountered before any response issued -* Command error encountered after a response was issued -* Protocol or stream level error - -This frame type is used to capture the latter cases. (The general -command error case is handled by the leading CBOR map in -``Command Response`` frames.) - -The payload of this frame contains a CBOR map detailing the error. That -map has the following bytestring keys: - -type - (bytestring) The overall type of error encountered. Can be one of the - following values: - - protocol - A protocol-level error occurred. This typically means someone - is violating the framing protocol semantics and the server is - refusing to proceed. - - server - A server-level error occurred. This typically indicates some kind of - logic error on the server, likely the fault of the server. - - command - A command-level error, likely the fault of the client. - -message - (array of maps) A richly formatted message that is intended for - human consumption. See the ``Human Output Side-Channel`` frame - section for a description of the format of this data structure. - -Human Output Side-Channel (``0x06``) ------------------------------------- - -This frame contains a message that is intended to be displayed to -people. Whereas most frames communicate machine readable data, this -frame communicates textual data that is intended to be shown to -humans. - -The frame consists of a series of *formatting requests*. Each formatting -request consists of a formatting string, arguments for that formatting -string, and labels to apply to that formatting string. - -A formatting string is a printf()-like string that allows variable -substitution within the string. Labels allow the rendered text to be -*decorated*. Assuming use of the canonical Mercurial code base, a -formatting string can be the input to the ``i18n._`` function. This -allows messages emitted from the server to be localized. So even if -the server has different i18n settings, people could see messages in -their *native* settings. Similarly, the use of labels allows -decorations like coloring and underlining to be applied using the -client's configured rendering settings. - -Formatting strings are similar to ``printf()`` strings or how -Python's ``%`` operator works. The only supported formatting sequences -are ``%s`` and ``%%``. ``%s`` will be replaced by whatever the string -at that position resolves to. ``%%`` will be replaced by ``%``. All -other 2-byte sequences beginning with ``%`` represent a literal -``%`` followed by that character. However, future versions of the -wire protocol reserve the right to allow clients to opt in to receiving -formatting strings with additional formatters, hence why ``%%`` is -required to represent the literal ``%``. - -The frame payload consists of a CBOR array of CBOR maps. Each map -defines an *atom* of text data to print. Each *atom* has the following -bytestring keys: - -msg - (bytestring) The formatting string. Content MUST be ASCII. -args (optional) - Array of bytestrings defining arguments to the formatting string. -labels (optional) - Array of bytestrings defining labels to apply to this atom. - -All data to be printed MUST be encoded into a single frame: this frame -does not support spanning data across multiple frames. - -All textual data encoded in these frames is assumed to be line delimited. -The last atom in the frame SHOULD end with a newline (``\n``). If it -doesn't, clients MAY add a newline to facilitate immediate printing. - -Progress Update (``0x07``) --------------------------- - -This frame holds the progress of an operation on the peer. Consumption -of these frames allows clients to display progress bars, estimated -completion times, etc. - -Each frame defines the progress of a single operation on the peer. The -payload consists of a CBOR map with the following bytestring keys: - -topic - Topic name (string) -pos - Current numeric position within the topic (integer) -total - Total/end numeric position of this topic (unsigned integer) -label (optional) - Unit label (string) -item (optional) - Item name (string) - -Progress state is created when a frame is received referencing a -*topic* that isn't currently tracked. Progress tracking for that -*topic* is finished when a frame is received reporting the current -position of that topic as ``-1``. - -Multiple *topics* may be active at any given time. - -Rendering of progress information is not mandated or governed by this -specification: implementations MAY render progress information however -they see fit, including not at all. - -The string data describing the topic SHOULD be static strings to -facilitate receivers localizing that string data. The emitter -MUST normalize all string data to valid UTF-8 and receivers SHOULD -validate that received data conforms to UTF-8. The topic name -SHOULD be ASCII. - -Stream Encoding Settings (``0x08``) ------------------------------------ - -This frame type holds information defining the content encoding -settings for a *stream*. - -This frame type is likely consumed by the protocol layer and is not -passed on to applications. - -This frame type MUST ONLY occur on frames having the *Beginning of Stream* -``Stream Flag`` set. - -The payload of this frame defines what content encoding has (possibly) -been applied to the payloads of subsequent frames in this stream. - -The payload begins with an 8-bit integer defining the length of the -encoding *profile*, followed by the string name of that profile, which -must be an ASCII string. All bytes that follow can be used by that -profile for supplemental settings definitions. See the section below -on defined encoding profiles. - -Stream States and Flags ------------------------ - -Streams can be in two states: *open* and *closed*. An *open* stream -is active and frames attached to that stream could arrive at any time. -A *closed* stream is not active. If a frame attached to a *closed* -stream arrives, that frame MUST have an appropriate stream flag -set indicating beginning of stream. All streams are in the *closed* -state by default. - -The ``Stream Flags`` field denotes a set of bit flags for defining -the relationship of this frame within a stream. The following flags -are defined: - -0x01 - Beginning of stream. The first frame in the stream MUST set this - flag. When received, the ``Stream ID`` this frame is attached to - becomes ``open``. - -0x02 - End of stream. The last frame in a stream MUST set this flag. When - received, the ``Stream ID`` this frame is attached to becomes - ``closed``. Any content encoding context associated with this stream - can be destroyed after processing the payload of this frame. - -0x04 - Apply content encoding. When set, any content encoding settings - defined by the stream should be applied when attempting to read - the frame. When not set, the frame payload isn't encoded. - -Streams -------- - -Streams - along with ``Request IDs`` - facilitate grouping of frames. -But the purpose of each is quite different and the groupings they -constitute are independent. - -A ``Request ID`` is essentially a tag. It tells you which logical -request a frame is associated with. - -A *stream* is a sequence of frames grouped for the express purpose -of applying a stateful encoding or for denoting sub-groups of frames. - -Unlike ``Request ID``s which span the request and response, a stream -is unidirectional and stream IDs are independent from client to -server. - -There is no strict hierarchical relationship between ``Request IDs`` -and *streams*. A stream can contain frames having multiple -``Request IDs``. Frames belonging to the same ``Request ID`` can -span multiple streams. - -One goal of streams is to facilitate content encoding. A stream can -define an encoding to be applied to frame payloads. For example, the -payload transmitted over the wire may contain output from a -zstandard compression operation and the receiving end may decompress -that payload to obtain the original data. - -The other goal of streams is to facilitate concurrent execution. For -example, a server could spawn 4 threads to service a request that can -be easily parallelized. Each of those 4 threads could write into its -own stream. Those streams could then in turn be delivered to 4 threads -on the receiving end, with each thread consuming its stream in near -isolation. The *main* thread on both ends merely does I/O and -encodes/decodes frame headers: the bulk of the work is done by worker -threads. - -In addition, since content encoding is defined per stream, each -*worker thread* could perform potentially CPU bound work concurrently -with other threads. This approach of applying encoding at the -sub-protocol / stream level eliminates a potential resource constraint -on the protocol stream as a whole (it is common for the throughput of -a compression engine to be smaller than the throughput of a network). - -Having multiple streams - each with their own encoding settings - also -facilitates the use of advanced data compression techniques. For -example, a transmitter could see that it is generating data faster -and slower than the receiving end is consuming it and adjust its -compression settings to trade CPU for compression ratio accordingly. - -While streams can define a content encoding, not all frames within -that stream must use that content encoding. This can be useful when -data is being served from caches and being derived dynamically. A -cache could pre-compressed data so the server doesn't have to -recompress it. The ability to pick and choose which frames are -compressed allows servers to easily send data to the wire without -involving potentially expensive encoding overhead. - -Content Encoding Profiles -------------------------- - -Streams can have named content encoding *profiles* associated with -them. A profile defines a shared understanding of content encoding -settings and behavior. - -The following profiles are defined: - -TBD - -Command Protocol ----------------- - -A client can request that a remote run a command by sending it -frames defining that command. This logical stream is composed of -1 or more ``Command Request`` frames and and 0 or more ``Command Data`` -frames. - -All frames composing a single command request MUST be associated with -the same ``Request ID``. - -Clients MAY send additional command requests without waiting on the -response to a previous command request. If they do so, they MUST ensure -that the ``Request ID`` field of outbound frames does not conflict -with that of an active ``Request ID`` whose response has not yet been -fully received. - -Servers MAY respond to commands in a different order than they were -sent over the wire. Clients MUST be prepared to deal with this. Servers -also MAY start executing commands in a different order than they were -received, or MAY execute multiple commands concurrently. - -If there is a dependency between commands or a race condition between -commands executing (e.g. a read-only command that depends on the results -of a command that mutates the repository), then clients MUST NOT send -frames issuing a command until a response to all dependent commands has -been received. -TODO think about whether we should express dependencies between commands -to avoid roundtrip latency. - -A command is defined by a command name, 0 or more command arguments, -and optional command data. - -Arguments are the recommended mechanism for transferring fixed sets of -parameters to a command. Data is appropriate for transferring variable -data. Thinking in terms of HTTP, arguments would be headers and data -would be the message body. - -It is recommended for servers to delay the dispatch of a command -until all argument have been received. Servers MAY impose limits on the -maximum argument size. -TODO define failure mechanism. - -Servers MAY dispatch to commands immediately once argument data -is available or delay until command data is received in full. - -Once a ``Command Request`` frame is sent, a client must be prepared to -receive any of the following frames associated with that request: -``Command Response``, ``Error Response``, ``Human Output Side-Channel``, -``Progress Update``. - -The *main* response for a command will be in ``Command Response`` frames. -The payloads of these frames consist of 1 or more CBOR encoded values. -The first CBOR value on the first ``Command Response`` frame is special -and denotes the overall status of the command. This CBOR map contains -the following bytestring keys: - -status - (bytestring) A well-defined message containing the overall status of - this command request. The following values are defined: - - ok - The command was received successfully and its response follows. - error - There was an error processing the command. More details about the - error are encoded in the ``error`` key. - -error (optional) - A map containing information about an encountered error. The map has the - following keys: - - message - (array of maps) A message describing the error. The message uses the - same format as those in the ``Human Output Side-Channel`` frame. - Capabilities ============ diff --git a/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocol.txt b/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocolrpc.txt copy from mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocol.txt copy to mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocolrpc.txt --- a/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocol.txt +++ b/mercurial/help/internals/wireprotocolrpc.txt @@ -1,530 +1,32 @@ -The Mercurial wire protocol is a request-response based protocol -with multiple wire representations. - -Each request is modeled as a command name, a dictionary of arguments, and -optional raw input. Command arguments and their types are intrinsic -properties of commands. So is the response type of the command. This means -clients can't always send arbitrary arguments to servers and servers can't -return multiple response types. - -The protocol is synchronous and does not support multiplexing (concurrent -commands). - -Handshake -========= - -It is required or common for clients to perform a *handshake* when connecting -to a server. The handshake serves the following purposes: - -* Negotiating protocol/transport level options -* Allows the client to learn about server capabilities to influence - future requests -* Ensures the underlying transport channel is in a *clean* state - -An important goal of the handshake is to allow clients to use more modern -wire protocol features. By default, clients must assume they are talking -to an old version of Mercurial server (possibly even the very first -implementation). So, clients should not attempt to call or utilize modern -wire protocol features until they have confirmation that the server -supports them. The handshake implementation is designed to allow both -ends to utilize the latest set of features and capabilities with as -few round trips as possible. - -The handshake mechanism varies by transport and protocol and is documented -in the sections below. - -HTTP Protocol -============= - -Handshake ---------- - -The client sends a ``capabilities`` command request (``?cmd=capabilities``) -as soon as HTTP requests may be issued. - -By default, the server responds with a version 1 capabilities string, which -the client parses to learn about the server's abilities. The ``Content-Type`` -for this response is ``application/mercurial-0.1`` or -``application/mercurial-0.2`` depending on whether the client advertised -support for version ``0.2`` in its request. (Clients aren't supposed to -advertise support for ``0.2`` until the capabilities response indicates -the server's support for that media type. However, a client could -conceivably cache this metadata and issue the capabilities request in such -a way to elicit an ``application/mercurial-0.2`` response.) - -Clients wishing to switch to a newer API service may send an -``X-HgUpgrade-`` header containing a space-delimited list of API service -names the client is capable of speaking. The request MUST also include an -``X-HgProto-`` header advertising a known serialization format for the -response. ``cbor`` is currently the only defined serialization format. - -If the request contains these headers, the response ``Content-Type`` MAY -be for a different media type. e.g. ``application/mercurial-cbor`` if the -client advertises support for CBOR. - -The response MUST be deserializable to a map with the following keys: - -apibase - URL path to API services, relative to the repository root. e.g. ``api/``. - -apis - A map of API service names to API descriptors. An API descriptor contains - more details about that API. In the case of the HTTP Version 2 Transport, - it will be the normal response to a ``capabilities`` command. - - Only the services advertised by the client that are also available on - the server are advertised. - -v1capabilities - The capabilities string that would be returned by a version 1 response. - -The client can then inspect the server-advertised APIs and decide which -API to use, including continuing to use the HTTP Version 1 Transport. - -HTTP Version 1 Transport ------------------------- - -Commands are issued as HTTP/1.0 or HTTP/1.1 requests. Commands are -sent to the base URL of the repository with the command name sent in -the ``cmd`` query string parameter. e.g. -``https://example.com/repo?cmd=capabilities``. The HTTP method is ``GET`` -or ``POST`` depending on the command and whether there is a request -body. - -Command arguments can be sent multiple ways. - -The simplest is part of the URL query string using ``x-www-form-urlencoded`` -encoding (see Python's ``urllib.urlencode()``. However, many servers impose -length limitations on the URL. So this mechanism is typically only used if -the server doesn't support other mechanisms. - -If the server supports the ``httpheader`` capability, command arguments can -be sent in HTTP request headers named ``X-HgArg-`` where ```` is an -integer starting at 1. A ``x-www-form-urlencoded`` representation of the -arguments is obtained. This full string is then split into chunks and sent -in numbered ``X-HgArg-`` headers. The maximum length of each HTTP header -is defined by the server in the ``httpheader`` capability value, which defaults -to ``1024``. The server reassembles the encoded arguments string by -concatenating the ``X-HgArg-`` headers then URL decodes them into a -dictionary. - -The list of ``X-HgArg-`` headers should be added to the ``Vary`` request -header to instruct caches to take these headers into consideration when caching -requests. - -If the server supports the ``httppostargs`` capability, the client -may send command arguments in the HTTP request body as part of an -HTTP POST request. The command arguments will be URL encoded just like -they would for sending them via HTTP headers. However, no splitting is -performed: the raw arguments are included in the HTTP request body. - -The client sends a ``X-HgArgs-Post`` header with the string length of the -encoded arguments data. Additional data may be included in the HTTP -request body immediately following the argument data. The offset of the -non-argument data is defined by the ``X-HgArgs-Post`` header. The -``X-HgArgs-Post`` header is not required if there is no argument data. - -Additional command data can be sent as part of the HTTP request body. The -default ``Content-Type`` when sending data is ``application/mercurial-0.1``. -A ``Content-Length`` header is currently always sent. - -Example HTTP requests:: - - GET /repo?cmd=capabilities - X-HgArg-1: foo=bar&baz=hello%20world - -The request media type should be chosen based on server support. If the -``httpmediatype`` server capability is present, the client should send -the newest mutually supported media type. If this capability is absent, -the client must assume the server only supports the -``application/mercurial-0.1`` media type. - -The ``Content-Type`` HTTP response header identifies the response as coming -from Mercurial and can also be used to signal an error has occurred. - -The ``application/mercurial-*`` media types indicate a generic Mercurial -data type. - -The ``application/mercurial-0.1`` media type is raw Mercurial data. It is the -predecessor of the format below. - -The ``application/mercurial-0.2`` media type is compression framed Mercurial -data. The first byte of the payload indicates the length of the compression -format identifier that follows. Next are N bytes indicating the compression -format. e.g. ``zlib``. The remaining bytes are compressed according to that -compression format. The decompressed data behaves the same as with -``application/mercurial-0.1``. - -The ``application/hg-error`` media type indicates a generic error occurred. -The content of the HTTP response body typically holds text describing the -error. - -The ``application/mercurial-cbor`` media type indicates a CBOR payload -and should be interpreted as identical to ``application/cbor``. - -Behavior of media types is further described in the ``Content Negotiation`` -section below. - -Clients should issue a ``User-Agent`` request header that identifies the client. -The server should not use the ``User-Agent`` for feature detection. - -A command returning a ``string`` response issues a -``application/mercurial-0.*`` media type and the HTTP response body contains -the raw string value (after compression decoding, if used). A -``Content-Length`` header is typically issued, but not required. - -A command returning a ``stream`` response issues a -``application/mercurial-0.*`` media type and the HTTP response is typically -using *chunked transfer* (``Transfer-Encoding: chunked``). - -HTTP Version 2 Transport ------------------------- - -**Experimental - feature under active development** - -Version 2 of the HTTP protocol is exposed under the ``/api/*`` URL space. -It's final API name is not yet formalized. - -Commands are triggered by sending HTTP POST requests against URLs of the -form ``/``, where ```` is ``ro`` or -``rw``, meaning read-only and read-write, respectively and ```` -is a named wire protocol command. - -Non-POST request methods MUST be rejected by the server with an HTTP -405 response. - -Commands that modify repository state in meaningful ways MUST NOT be -exposed under the ``ro`` URL prefix. All available commands MUST be -available under the ``rw`` URL prefix. - -Server adminstrators MAY implement blanket HTTP authentication keyed -off the URL prefix. For example, a server may require authentication -for all ``rw/*`` URLs and let unauthenticated requests to ``ro/*`` -URL proceed. A server MAY issue an HTTP 401, 403, or 407 response -in accordance with RFC 7235. Clients SHOULD recognize the HTTP Basic -(RFC 7617) and Digest (RFC 7616) authentication schemes. Clients SHOULD -make an attempt to recognize unknown schemes using the -``WWW-Authenticate`` response header on a 401 response, as defined by -RFC 7235. - -Read-only commands are accessible under ``rw/*`` URLs so clients can -signal the intent of the operation very early in the connection -lifecycle. For example, a ``push`` operation - which consists of -various read-only commands mixed with at least one read-write command - -can perform all commands against ``rw/*`` URLs so that any server-side -authentication requirements are discovered upon attempting the first -command - not potentially several commands into the exchange. This -allows clients to fail faster or prompt for credentials as soon as the -exchange takes place. This provides a better end-user experience. - -Requests to unknown commands or URLS result in an HTTP 404. -TODO formally define response type, how error is communicated, etc. - -HTTP request and response bodies use the *Unified Frame-Based Protocol* -(defined below) for media exchange. The entirety of the HTTP message -body is 0 or more frames as defined by this protocol. - -Clients and servers MUST advertise the ``TBD`` media type via the -``Content-Type`` request and response headers. In addition, clients MUST -advertise this media type value in their ``Accept`` request header in all -requests. -TODO finalize the media type. For now, it is defined in wireprotoserver.py. - -Servers receiving requests without an ``Accept`` header SHOULD respond with -an HTTP 406. - -Servers receiving requests with an invalid ``Content-Type`` header SHOULD -respond with an HTTP 415. - -The command to run is specified in the POST payload as defined by the -*Unified Frame-Based Protocol*. This is redundant with data already -encoded in the URL. This is by design, so server operators can have -better understanding about server activity from looking merely at -HTTP access logs. - -In most circumstances, the command specified in the URL MUST match -the command specified in the frame-based payload or the server will -respond with an error. The exception to this is the special -``multirequest`` URL. (See below.) In addition, HTTP requests -are limited to one command invocation. The exception is the special -``multirequest`` URL. - -The ``multirequest`` command endpoints (``ro/multirequest`` and -``rw/multirequest``) are special in that they allow the execution of -*any* command and allow the execution of multiple commands. If the -HTTP request issues multiple commands across multiple frames, all -issued commands will be processed by the server. Per the defined -behavior of the *Unified Frame-Based Protocol*, commands may be -issued interleaved and responses may come back in a different order -than they were issued. Clients MUST be able to deal with this. - -SSH Protocol -============ - -Handshake ---------- - -For all clients, the handshake consists of the client sending 1 or more -commands to the server using version 1 of the transport. Servers respond -to commands they know how to respond to and send an empty response (``0\n``) -for unknown commands (per standard behavior of version 1 of the transport). -Clients then typically look for a response to the newest sent command to -determine which transport version to use and what the available features for -the connection and server are. - -Preceding any response from client-issued commands, the server may print -non-protocol output. It is common for SSH servers to print banners, message -of the day announcements, etc when clients connect. It is assumed that any -such *banner* output will precede any Mercurial server output. So clients -must be prepared to handle server output on initial connect that isn't -in response to any client-issued command and doesn't conform to Mercurial's -wire protocol. This *banner* output should only be on stdout. However, -some servers may send output on stderr. - -Pre 0.9.1 clients issue a ``between`` command with the ``pairs`` argument -having the value -``0000000000000000000000000000000000000000-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000``. - -The ``between`` command has been supported since the original Mercurial -SSH server. Requesting the empty range will return a ``\n`` string response, -which will be encoded as ``1\n\n`` (value length of ``1`` followed by a newline -followed by the value, which happens to be a newline). - -For pre 0.9.1 clients and all servers, the exchange looks like:: - - c: between\n - c: pairs 81\n - c: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - s: 1\n - s: \n - -0.9.1+ clients send a ``hello`` command (with no arguments) before the -``between`` command. The response to this command allows clients to -discover server capabilities and settings. - -An example exchange between 0.9.1+ clients and a ``hello`` aware server looks -like:: - - c: hello\n - c: between\n - c: pairs 81\n - c: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - s: 324\n - s: capabilities: lookup changegroupsubset branchmap pushkey known getbundle ...\n - s: 1\n - s: \n - -And a similar scenario but with servers sending a banner on connect:: - - c: hello\n - c: between\n - c: pairs 81\n - c: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - s: welcome to the server\n - s: if you find any issues, email someone@somewhere.com\n - s: 324\n - s: capabilities: lookup changegroupsubset branchmap pushkey known getbundle ...\n - s: 1\n - s: \n - -Note that output from the ``hello`` command is terminated by a ``\n``. This is -part of the response payload and not part of the wire protocol adding a newline -after responses. In other words, the length of the response contains the -trailing ``\n``. - -Clients supporting version 2 of the SSH transport send a line beginning -with ``upgrade`` before the ``hello`` and ``between`` commands. The line -(which isn't a well-formed command line because it doesn't consist of a -single command name) serves to both communicate the client's intent to -switch to transport version 2 (transports are version 1 by default) as -well as to advertise the client's transport-level capabilities so the -server may satisfy that request immediately. - -The upgrade line has the form: - - upgrade - -That is the literal string ``upgrade`` followed by a space, followed by -a randomly generated string, followed by a space, followed by a string -denoting the client's transport capabilities. - -The token can be anything. However, a random UUID is recommended. (Use -of version 4 UUIDs is recommended because version 1 UUIDs can leak the -client's MAC address.) - -The transport capabilities string is a URL/percent encoded string -containing key-value pairs defining the client's transport-level -capabilities. The following capabilities are defined: - -proto - A comma-delimited list of transport protocol versions the client - supports. e.g. ``ssh-v2``. - -If the server does not recognize the ``upgrade`` line, it should issue -an empty response and continue processing the ``hello`` and ``between`` -commands. Here is an example handshake between a version 2 aware client -and a non version 2 aware server: - - c: upgrade 2e82ab3f-9ce3-4b4e-8f8c-6fd1c0e9e23a proto=ssh-v2 - c: hello\n - c: between\n - c: pairs 81\n - c: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - s: 0\n - s: 324\n - s: capabilities: lookup changegroupsubset branchmap pushkey known getbundle ...\n - s: 1\n - s: \n - -(The initial ``0\n`` line from the server indicates an empty response to -the unknown ``upgrade ..`` command/line.) - -If the server recognizes the ``upgrade`` line and is willing to satisfy that -upgrade request, it replies to with a payload of the following form: - - upgraded \n - -This line is the literal string ``upgraded``, a space, the token that was -specified by the client in its ``upgrade ...`` request line, a space, and the -name of the transport protocol that was chosen by the server. The transport -name MUST match one of the names the client specified in the ``proto`` field -of its ``upgrade ...`` request line. - -If a server issues an ``upgraded`` response, it MUST also read and ignore -the lines associated with the ``hello`` and ``between`` command requests -that were issued by the server. It is assumed that the negotiated transport -will respond with equivalent requested information following the transport -handshake. - -All data following the ``\n`` terminating the ``upgraded`` line is the -domain of the negotiated transport. It is common for the data immediately -following to contain additional metadata about the state of the transport and -the server. However, this isn't strictly speaking part of the transport -handshake and isn't covered by this section. - -Here is an example handshake between a version 2 aware client and a version -2 aware server: - - c: upgrade 2e82ab3f-9ce3-4b4e-8f8c-6fd1c0e9e23a proto=ssh-v2 - c: hello\n - c: between\n - c: pairs 81\n - c: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000-0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 - s: upgraded 2e82ab3f-9ce3-4b4e-8f8c-6fd1c0e9e23a ssh-v2\n - s: - -The client-issued token that is echoed in the response provides a more -resilient mechanism for differentiating *banner* output from Mercurial -output. In version 1, properly formatted banner output could get confused -for Mercurial server output. By submitting a randomly generated token -that is then present in the response, the client can look for that token -in response lines and have reasonable certainty that the line did not -originate from a *banner* message. - -SSH Version 1 Transport ------------------------ - -The SSH transport (version 1) is a custom text-based protocol suitable for -use over any bi-directional stream transport. It is most commonly used with -SSH. - -A SSH transport server can be started with ``hg serve --stdio``. The stdin, -stderr, and stdout file descriptors of the started process are used to exchange -data. When Mercurial connects to a remote server over SSH, it actually starts -a ``hg serve --stdio`` process on the remote server. - -Commands are issued by sending the command name followed by a trailing newline -``\n`` to the server. e.g. ``capabilities\n``. - -Command arguments are sent in the following format:: - - \n - -That is, the argument string name followed by a space followed by the -integer length of the value (expressed as a string) followed by a newline -(``\n``) followed by the raw argument value. - -Dictionary arguments are encoded differently:: - - <# elements>\n - \n - \n - ... - -Non-argument data is sent immediately after the final argument value. It is -encoded in chunks:: - - \n - -Each command declares a list of supported arguments and their types. If a -client sends an unknown argument to the server, the server should abort -immediately. The special argument ``*`` in a command's definition indicates -that all argument names are allowed. - -The definition of supported arguments and types is initially made when a -new command is implemented. The client and server must initially independently -agree on the arguments and their types. This initial set of arguments can be -supplemented through the presence of *capabilities* advertised by the server. - -Each command has a defined expected response type. - -A ``string`` response type is a length framed value. The response consists of -the string encoded integer length of a value followed by a newline (``\n``) -followed by the value. Empty values are allowed (and are represented as -``0\n``). - -A ``stream`` response type consists of raw bytes of data. There is no framing. - -A generic error response type is also supported. It consists of a an error -message written to ``stderr`` followed by ``\n-\n``. In addition, ``\n`` is -written to ``stdout``. - -If the server receives an unknown command, it will send an empty ``string`` -response. - -The server terminates if it receives an empty command (a ``\n`` character). - -If the server announces support for the ``protocaps`` capability, the client -should issue a ``protocaps`` command after the initial handshake to annonunce -its own capabilities. The client capabilities are persistent. - -SSH Version 2 Transport ------------------------ - **Experimental and under development** -Version 2 of the SSH transport behaves identically to version 1 of the SSH -transport with the exception of handshake semantics. See above for how -version 2 of the SSH transport is negotiated. +This document describe's Mercurial's transport-agnostic remote procedure +call (RPC) protocol which is used to perform interactions with remote +servers. This protocol is also referred to as ``hgrpc``. -Immediately following the ``upgraded`` line signaling a switch to version -2 of the SSH protocol, the server automatically sends additional details -about the capabilities of the remote server. This has the form: - - \n - capabilities: ...\n - -e.g. +The protocol has the following high-level features: - s: upgraded 2e82ab3f-9ce3-4b4e-8f8c-6fd1c0e9e23a ssh-v2\n - s: 240\n - s: capabilities: known getbundle batch ...\n - -Following capabilities advertisement, the peers communicate using version -1 of the SSH transport. +* Concurrent request and response support (multiple commands can be issued + simultaneously and responses can be streamed simultaneously). +* Supports half-duplex and full-duplex connections. +* All data is transmitted within *frames*, which have a well-defined + header and encode their length. +* Side-channels for sending progress updates and printing output. Text + output from the remote can be localized locally. +* Support for simultaneous and long-lived compression streams, even across + requests. +* Uses CBOR for data exchange. -Unified Frame-Based Protocol -============================ +The protocol is not specific to Mercurial and could be used by other +applications. -**Experimental and under development** - -The *Unified Frame-Based Protocol* is a communications protocol between -Mercurial peers. The protocol aims to be mostly transport agnostic -(works similarly on HTTP, SSH, etc). +High-level Overview +=================== To operate the protocol, a bi-directional, half-duplex pipe supporting ordered sends and receives is required. That is, each peer has one pipe -for sending data and another for receiving. +for sending data and another for receiving. Full-duplex pipes are also +supported. All data is read and written in atomic units called *frames*. These are conceptually similar to TCP packets. Higher-level functionality @@ -543,6 +45,9 @@ All frames are associated with a numbered request. Frames can thus be logically grouped by their request ID. +Frames +====== + Frames begin with an 8 octet header followed by a variable length payload:: @@ -837,7 +342,7 @@ on defined encoding profiles. Stream States and Flags ------------------------ +======================= Streams can be in two states: *open* and *closed*. An *open* stream is active and frames attached to that stream could arrive at any time. @@ -867,7 +372,7 @@ the frame. When not set, the frame payload isn't encoded. Streams -------- +======= Streams - along with ``Request IDs`` - facilitate grouping of frames. But the purpose of each is quite different and the groupings they @@ -925,7 +430,7 @@ involving potentially expensive encoding overhead. Content Encoding Profiles -------------------------- +========================= Streams can have named content encoding *profiles* associated with them. A profile defines a shared understanding of content encoding @@ -936,7 +441,7 @@ TBD Command Protocol ----------------- +================ A client can request that a remote run a command by sending it frames defining that command. This logical stream is composed of @@ -1009,747 +514,3 @@ message (array of maps) A message describing the error. The message uses the same format as those in the ``Human Output Side-Channel`` frame. - -Capabilities -============ - -Servers advertise supported wire protocol features. This allows clients to -probe for server features before blindly calling a command or passing a -specific argument. - -The server's features are exposed via a *capabilities* string. This is a -space-delimited string of tokens/features. Some features are single words -like ``lookup`` or ``batch``. Others are complicated key-value pairs -advertising sub-features. e.g. ``httpheader=2048``. When complex, non-word -values are used, each feature name can define its own encoding of sub-values. -Comma-delimited and ``x-www-form-urlencoded`` values are common. - -The following document capabilities defined by the canonical Mercurial server -implementation. - -batch ------ - -Whether the server supports the ``batch`` command. - -This capability/command was introduced in Mercurial 1.9 (released July 2011). - -branchmap ---------- - -Whether the server supports the ``branchmap`` command. - -This capability/command was introduced in Mercurial 1.3 (released July 2009). - -bundle2-exp ------------ - -Precursor to ``bundle2`` capability that was used before bundle2 was a -stable feature. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 3.0 behind an experimental -flag. This capability should not be observed in the wild. - -bundle2 -------- - -Indicates whether the server supports the ``bundle2`` data exchange format. - -The value of the capability is a URL quoted, newline (``\n``) delimited -list of keys or key-value pairs. - -A key is simply a URL encoded string. - -A key-value pair is a URL encoded key separated from a URL encoded value by -an ``=``. If the value is a list, elements are delimited by a ``,`` after -URL encoding. - -For example, say we have the values:: - - {'HG20': [], 'changegroup': ['01', '02'], 'digests': ['sha1', 'sha512']} - -We would first construct a string:: - - HG20\nchangegroup=01,02\ndigests=sha1,sha512 - -We would then URL quote this string:: - - HG20%0Achangegroup%3D01%2C02%0Adigests%3Dsha1%2Csha512 - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 3.4 (released May 2015). - -changegroupsubset ------------------ - -Whether the server supports the ``changegroupsubset`` command. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 0.9.2 (released December -2006). - -This capability was introduced at the same time as the ``lookup`` -capability/command. - -compression ------------ - -Declares support for negotiating compression formats. - -Presence of this capability indicates the server supports dynamic selection -of compression formats based on the client request. - -Servers advertising this capability are required to support the -``application/mercurial-0.2`` media type in response to commands returning -streams. Servers may support this media type on any command. - -The value of the capability is a comma-delimited list of strings declaring -supported compression formats. The order of the compression formats is in -server-preferred order, most preferred first. - -The identifiers used by the official Mercurial distribution are: - -bzip2 - bzip2 -none - uncompressed / raw data -zlib - zlib (no gzip header) -zstd - zstd - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 4.1 (released February 2017). - -getbundle ---------- - -Whether the server supports the ``getbundle`` command. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 1.9 (released July 2011). - -httpheader ----------- - -Whether the server supports receiving command arguments via HTTP request -headers. - -The value of the capability is an integer describing the max header -length that clients should send. Clients should ignore any content after a -comma in the value, as this is reserved for future use. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 1.9 (released July 2011). - -httpmediatype -------------- - -Indicates which HTTP media types (``Content-Type`` header) the server is -capable of receiving and sending. - -The value of the capability is a comma-delimited list of strings identifying -support for media type and transmission direction. The following strings may -be present: - -0.1rx - Indicates server support for receiving ``application/mercurial-0.1`` media - types. - -0.1tx - Indicates server support for sending ``application/mercurial-0.1`` media - types. - -0.2rx - Indicates server support for receiving ``application/mercurial-0.2`` media - types. - -0.2tx - Indicates server support for sending ``application/mercurial-0.2`` media - types. - -minrx=X - Minimum media type version the server is capable of receiving. Value is a - string like ``0.2``. - - This capability can be used by servers to limit connections from legacy - clients not using the latest supported media type. However, only clients - with knowledge of this capability will know to consult this value. This - capability is present so the client may issue a more user-friendly error - when the server has locked out a legacy client. - -mintx=X - Minimum media type version the server is capable of sending. Value is a - string like ``0.1``. - -Servers advertising support for the ``application/mercurial-0.2`` media type -should also advertise the ``compression`` capability. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 4.1 (released February 2017). - -httppostargs ------------- - -**Experimental** - -Indicates that the server supports and prefers clients send command arguments -via a HTTP POST request as part of the request body. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 3.8 (released May 2016). - -known ------ - -Whether the server supports the ``known`` command. - -This capability/command was introduced in Mercurial 1.9 (released July 2011). - -lookup ------- - -Whether the server supports the ``lookup`` command. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 0.9.2 (released December -2006). - -This capability was introduced at the same time as the ``changegroupsubset`` -capability/command. - -partial-pull ------------- - -Indicates that the client can deal with partial answers to pull requests -by repeating the request. - -If this parameter is not advertised, the server will not send pull bundles. - -This client capability was introduced in Mercurial 4.6. - -protocaps ---------- - -Whether the server supports the ``protocaps`` command for SSH V1 transport. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 4.6. - -pushkey -------- - -Whether the server supports the ``pushkey`` and ``listkeys`` commands. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 1.6 (released July 2010). - -standardbundle --------------- - -**Unsupported** - -This capability was introduced during the Mercurial 0.9.2 development cycle in -2006. It was never present in a release, as it was replaced by the ``unbundle`` -capability. This capability should not be encountered in the wild. - -stream-preferred ----------------- - -If present the server prefers that clients clone using the streaming clone -protocol (``hg clone --stream``) rather than the standard -changegroup/bundle based protocol. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 2.2 (released May 2012). - -streamreqs ----------- - -Indicates whether the server supports *streaming clones* and the *requirements* -that clients must support to receive it. - -If present, the server supports the ``stream_out`` command, which transmits -raw revlogs from the repository instead of changegroups. This provides a faster -cloning mechanism at the expense of more bandwidth used. - -The value of this capability is a comma-delimited list of repo format -*requirements*. These are requirements that impact the reading of data in -the ``.hg/store`` directory. An example value is -``streamreqs=generaldelta,revlogv1`` indicating the server repo requires -the ``revlogv1`` and ``generaldelta`` requirements. - -If the only format requirement is ``revlogv1``, the server may expose the -``stream`` capability instead of the ``streamreqs`` capability. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 1.7 (released November 2010). - -stream ------- - -Whether the server supports *streaming clones* from ``revlogv1`` repos. - -If present, the server supports the ``stream_out`` command, which transmits -raw revlogs from the repository instead of changegroups. This provides a faster -cloning mechanism at the expense of more bandwidth used. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 0.9.1 (released July 2006). - -When initially introduced, the value of the capability was the numeric -revlog revision. e.g. ``stream=1``. This indicates the changegroup is using -``revlogv1``. This simple integer value wasn't powerful enough, so the -``streamreqs`` capability was invented to handle cases where the repo -requirements have more than just ``revlogv1``. Newer servers omit the -``=1`` since it was the only value supported and the value of ``1`` can -be implied by clients. - -unbundlehash ------------- - -Whether the ``unbundle`` commands supports receiving a hash of all the -heads instead of a list. - -For more, see the documentation for the ``unbundle`` command. - -This capability was introduced in Mercurial 1.9 (released July 2011). - -unbundle --------- - -Whether the server supports pushing via the ``unbundle`` command. - -This capability/command has been present since Mercurial 0.9.1 (released -July 2006). - -Mercurial 0.9.2 (released December 2006) added values to the capability -indicating which bundle types the server supports receiving. This value is a -comma-delimited list. e.g. ``HG10GZ,HG10BZ,HG10UN``. The order of values -reflects the priority/preference of that type, where the first value is the -most preferred type. - -Content Negotiation -=================== - -The wire protocol has some mechanisms to help peers determine what content -types and encoding the other side will accept. Historically, these mechanisms -have been built into commands themselves because most commands only send a -well-defined response type and only certain commands needed to support -functionality like compression. - -Currently, only the HTTP version 1 transport supports content negotiation -at the protocol layer. - -HTTP requests advertise supported response formats via the ``X-HgProto-`` -request header, where ```` is an integer starting at 1 allowing the logical -value to span multiple headers. This value consists of a list of -space-delimited parameters. Each parameter denotes a feature or capability. - -The following parameters are defined: - -0.1 - Indicates the client supports receiving ``application/mercurial-0.1`` - responses. - -0.2 - Indicates the client supports receiving ``application/mercurial-0.2`` - responses. - -cbor - Indicates the client supports receiving ``application/mercurial-cbor`` - responses. - - (Only intended to be used with version 2 transports.) - -comp - Indicates compression formats the client can decode. Value is a list of - comma delimited strings identifying compression formats ordered from - most preferential to least preferential. e.g. ``comp=zstd,zlib,none``. - - This parameter does not have an effect if only the ``0.1`` parameter - is defined, as support for ``application/mercurial-0.2`` or greater is - required to use arbitrary compression formats. - - If this parameter is not advertised, the server interprets this as - equivalent to ``zlib,none``. - -Clients may choose to only send this header if the ``httpmediatype`` -server capability is present, as currently all server-side features -consulting this header require the client to opt in to new protocol features -advertised via the ``httpmediatype`` capability. - -A server that doesn't receive an ``X-HgProto-`` header should infer a -value of ``0.1``. This is compatible with legacy clients. - -A server receiving a request indicating support for multiple media type -versions may respond with any of the supported media types. Not all servers -may support all media types on all commands. - -Commands -======== - -This section contains a list of all wire protocol commands implemented by -the canonical Mercurial server. - -See :hg:`help internals.wireprotocolv2` for information on commands exposed -to the frame-based protocol. - -batch ------ - -Issue multiple commands while sending a single command request. The purpose -of this command is to allow a client to issue multiple commands while avoiding -multiple round trips to the server therefore enabling commands to complete -quicker. - -The command accepts a ``cmds`` argument that contains a list of commands to -execute. - -The value of ``cmds`` is a ``;`` delimited list of strings. Each string has the -form `` ``. That is, the command name followed by a space -followed by an argument string. - -The argument string is a ``,`` delimited list of ``=`` values -corresponding to command arguments. Both the argument name and value are -escaped using a special substitution map:: - - : -> :c - , -> :o - ; -> :s - = -> :e - -The response type for this command is ``string``. The value contains a -``;`` delimited list of responses for each requested command. Each value -in this list is escaped using the same substitution map used for arguments. - -If an error occurs, the generic error response may be sent. - -between -------- - -(Legacy command used for discovery in old clients) - -Obtain nodes between pairs of nodes. - -The ``pairs`` arguments contains a space-delimited list of ``-`` delimited -hex node pairs. e.g.:: - - a072279d3f7fd3a4aa7ffa1a5af8efc573e1c896-6dc58916e7c070f678682bfe404d2e2d68291a18 - -Return type is a ``string``. Value consists of lines corresponding to each -requested range. Each line contains a space-delimited list of hex nodes. -A newline ``\n`` terminates each line, including the last one. - -branchmap ---------- - -Obtain heads in named branches. - -Accepts no arguments. Return type is a ``string``. - -Return value contains lines with URL encoded branch names followed by a space -followed by a space-delimited list of hex nodes of heads on that branch. -e.g.:: - - default a072279d3f7fd3a4aa7ffa1a5af8efc573e1c896 6dc58916e7c070f678682bfe404d2e2d68291a18 - stable baae3bf31522f41dd5e6d7377d0edd8d1cf3fccc - -There is no trailing newline. - -branches --------- - -(Legacy command used for discovery in old clients. Clients with ``getbundle`` -use the ``known`` and ``heads`` commands instead.) - -Obtain ancestor changesets of specific nodes back to a branch point. - -Despite the name, this command has nothing to do with Mercurial named branches. -Instead, it is related to DAG branches. - -The command accepts a ``nodes`` argument, which is a string of space-delimited -hex nodes. - -For each node requested, the server will find the first ancestor node that is -a DAG root or is a merge. - -Return type is a ``string``. Return value contains lines with result data for -each requested node. Each line contains space-delimited nodes followed by a -newline (``\n``). The 4 nodes reported on each line correspond to the requested -node, the ancestor node found, and its 2 parent nodes (which may be the null -node). - -capabilities ------------- - -Obtain the capabilities string for the repo. - -Unlike the ``hello`` command, the capabilities string is not prefixed. -There is no trailing newline. - -This command does not accept any arguments. Return type is a ``string``. - -This command was introduced in Mercurial 0.9.1 (released July 2006). - -changegroup ------------ - -(Legacy command: use ``getbundle`` instead) - -Obtain a changegroup version 1 with data for changesets that are -descendants of client-specified changesets. - -The ``roots`` arguments contains a list of space-delimited hex nodes. - -The server responds with a changegroup version 1 containing all -changesets between the requested root/base nodes and the repo's head nodes -at the time of the request. - -The return type is a ``stream``. - -changegroupsubset ------------------ - -(Legacy command: use ``getbundle`` instead) - -Obtain a changegroup version 1 with data for changesetsets between -client specified base and head nodes. - -The ``bases`` argument contains a list of space-delimited hex nodes. -The ``heads`` argument contains a list of space-delimited hex nodes. - -The server responds with a changegroup version 1 containing all -changesets between the requested base and head nodes at the time of the -request. - -The return type is a ``stream``. - -clonebundles ------------- - -Obtains a manifest of bundle URLs available to seed clones. - -Each returned line contains a URL followed by metadata. See the -documentation in the ``clonebundles`` extension for more. - -The return type is a ``string``. - -getbundle ---------- - -Obtain a bundle containing repository data. - -This command accepts the following arguments: - -heads - List of space-delimited hex nodes of heads to retrieve. -common - List of space-delimited hex nodes that the client has in common with the - server. -obsmarkers - Boolean indicating whether to include obsolescence markers as part - of the response. Only works with bundle2. -bundlecaps - Comma-delimited set of strings defining client bundle capabilities. -listkeys - Comma-delimited list of strings of ``pushkey`` namespaces. For each - namespace listed, a bundle2 part will be included with the content of - that namespace. -cg - Boolean indicating whether changegroup data is requested. -cbattempted - Boolean indicating whether the client attempted to use the *clone bundles* - feature before performing this request. -bookmarks - Boolean indicating whether bookmark data is requested. -phases - Boolean indicating whether phases data is requested. - -The return type on success is a ``stream`` where the value is bundle. -On the HTTP version 1 transport, the response is zlib compressed. - -If an error occurs, a generic error response can be sent. - -Unless the client sends a false value for the ``cg`` argument, the returned -bundle contains a changegroup with the nodes between the specified ``common`` -and ``heads`` nodes. Depending on the command arguments, the type and content -of the returned bundle can vary significantly. - -The default behavior is for the server to send a raw changegroup version -``01`` response. - -If the ``bundlecaps`` provided by the client contain a value beginning -with ``HG2``, a bundle2 will be returned. The bundle2 data may contain -additional repository data, such as ``pushkey`` namespace values. - -heads ------ - -Returns a list of space-delimited hex nodes of repository heads followed -by a newline. e.g. -``a9eeb3adc7ddb5006c088e9eda61791c777cbf7c 31f91a3da534dc849f0d6bfc00a395a97cf218a1\n`` - -This command does not accept any arguments. The return type is a ``string``. - -hello ------ - -Returns lines describing interesting things about the server in an RFC-822 -like format. - -Currently, the only line defines the server capabilities. It has the form:: - - capabilities: - -See above for more about the capabilities string. - -SSH clients typically issue this command as soon as a connection is -established. - -This command does not accept any arguments. The return type is a ``string``. - -This command was introduced in Mercurial 0.9.1 (released July 2006). - -listkeys --------- - -List values in a specified ``pushkey`` namespace. - -The ``namespace`` argument defines the pushkey namespace to operate on. - -The return type is a ``string``. The value is an encoded dictionary of keys. - -Key-value pairs are delimited by newlines (``\n``). Within each line, keys and -values are separated by a tab (``\t``). Keys and values are both strings. - -lookup ------- - -Try to resolve a value to a known repository revision. - -The ``key`` argument is converted from bytes to an -``encoding.localstr`` instance then passed into -``localrepository.__getitem__`` in an attempt to resolve it. - -The return type is a ``string``. - -Upon successful resolution, returns ``1 \n``. On failure, -returns ``0 \n``. e.g.:: - - 1 273ce12ad8f155317b2c078ec75a4eba507f1fba\n - - 0 unknown revision 'foo'\n - -known ------ - -Determine whether multiple nodes are known. - -The ``nodes`` argument is a list of space-delimited hex nodes to check -for existence. - -The return type is ``string``. - -Returns a string consisting of ``0``s and ``1``s indicating whether nodes -are known. If the Nth node specified in the ``nodes`` argument is known, -a ``1`` will be returned at byte offset N. If the node isn't known, ``0`` -will be present at byte offset N. - -There is no trailing newline. - -protocaps ---------- - -Notify the server about the client capabilities in the SSH V1 transport -protocol. - -The ``caps`` argument is a space-delimited list of capabilities. - -The server will reply with the string ``OK``. - -pushkey -------- - -Set a value using the ``pushkey`` protocol. - -Accepts arguments ``namespace``, ``key``, ``old``, and ``new``, which -correspond to the pushkey namespace to operate on, the key within that -namespace to change, the old value (which may be empty), and the new value. -All arguments are string types. - -The return type is a ``string``. The value depends on the transport protocol. - -The SSH version 1 transport sends a string encoded integer followed by a -newline (``\n``) which indicates operation result. The server may send -additional output on the ``stderr`` stream that should be displayed to the -user. - -The HTTP version 1 transport sends a string encoded integer followed by a -newline followed by additional server output that should be displayed to -the user. This may include output from hooks, etc. - -The integer result varies by namespace. ``0`` means an error has occurred -and there should be additional output to display to the user. - -stream_out ----------- - -Obtain *streaming clone* data. - -The return type is either a ``string`` or a ``stream``, depending on -whether the request was fulfilled properly. - -A return value of ``1\n`` indicates the server is not configured to serve -this data. If this is seen by the client, they may not have verified the -``stream`` capability is set before making the request. - -A return value of ``2\n`` indicates the server was unable to lock the -repository to generate data. - -All other responses are a ``stream`` of bytes. The first line of this data -contains 2 space-delimited integers corresponding to the path count and -payload size, respectively:: - - \n - -The ```` is the total size of path data: it does not include -the size of the per-path header lines. - -Following that header are ```` entries. Each entry consists of a -line with metadata followed by raw revlog data. The line consists of:: - - \0\n - -The ```` is the encoded store path of the data that follows. -```` is the amount of data for this store path/revlog that follows the -newline. - -There is no trailer to indicate end of data. Instead, the client should stop -reading after ```` entries are consumed. - -unbundle --------- - -Send a bundle containing data (usually changegroup data) to the server. - -Accepts the argument ``heads``, which is a space-delimited list of hex nodes -corresponding to server repository heads observed by the client. This is used -to detect race conditions and abort push operations before a server performs -too much work or a client transfers too much data. - -The request payload consists of a bundle to be applied to the repository, -similarly to as if :hg:`unbundle` were called. - -In most scenarios, a special ``push response`` type is returned. This type -contains an integer describing the change in heads as a result of the -operation. A value of ``0`` indicates nothing changed. ``1`` means the number -of heads remained the same. Values ``2`` and larger indicate the number of -added heads minus 1. e.g. ``3`` means 2 heads were added. Negative values -indicate the number of fewer heads, also off by 1. e.g. ``-2`` means there -is 1 fewer head. - -The encoding of the ``push response`` type varies by transport. - -For the SSH version 1 transport, this type is composed of 2 ``string`` -responses: an empty response (``0\n``) followed by the integer result value. -e.g. ``1\n2``. So the full response might be ``0\n1\n2``. - -For the HTTP version 1 transport, the response is a ``string`` type composed -of an integer result value followed by a newline (``\n``) followed by string -content holding server output that should be displayed on the client (output -hooks, etc). - -In some cases, the server may respond with a ``bundle2`` bundle. In this -case, the response type is ``stream``. For the HTTP version 1 transport, the -response is zlib compressed. - -The server may also respond with a generic error type, which contains a string -indicating the failure.